TCM Glossary
A comprehensive A-Z reference of Traditional Chinese Medicine terminology — from fundamental concepts to specialized techniques.
A
Abdominal Palpation (腹诊 Fù Zhěn)
The diagnostic method of gently pressing and feeling different areas of the abdomen to identify tenderness, masses, tension, or coldness, which can indicate the condition of internal organs.
Acupressure (点按 Diǎn Àn)
A non-invasive technique that applies manual pressure to acupuncture points to stimulate Qi flow and relieve symptoms, without the use of needles.
Acupuncture (针灸 Zhēn Jiǔ)
A therapeutic technique involving the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body to stimulate energy flow and promote healing.
Anger (怒 Nù)
Anger, including resentment and frustration, causes Qi to rise, primarily affecting the Liver, which can lead to symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, red face, irritability, and digestive upset.
Astringe (收敛 Shou Lian)
To consolidate and prevent the leakage of body fluids or essence, used for conditions like excessive sweating, chronic diarrhea, or seminal emission.
Auscultation and Olfaction (闻诊 Wén Zhěn)
The diagnostic method of listening to the patient's voice, breathing, and other sounds, and smelling any unusual odors from their body, breath, or excretions to identify patterns of disharmony.
B
Back-Shu Points (背俞穴 Bèi Shū Xué)
Specific points located on the back along the Bladder meridian, each corresponding to a particular zangfu organ; they are used to directly influence and regulate the qi of their associated organs.
Big Pulse (大脈 Dà Mài)
A pulse that feels broad and full, but not necessarily strong or forceful. It can indicate either an excess condition or a general deficiency where the body tries to compensate.
Black Coating (黑苔 Hēi Tái)
A tongue coating that is dark brown or black, usually indicating extreme Heat consuming Yin, severe Cold, or prolonged illness.
Bladder Channel of Foot Taiyang (足太阳膀胱经 Zú Tài Yáng Páng Guāng Jīng)
The longest channel, it begins at the inner canthus of the eye, ascends over the head, descends along the back in two parallel lines, and continues down the posterior aspect of the leg to the little toe, connecting with the bladder and kidneys.
Bleeding Technique (点刺放血 Diǎn Cì Fàng Xuè)
A technique involving pricking specific points or small veins with a lancet to release a small amount of blood, often used to clear heat or stagnation.
Blood (血 Xuè)
A dense form of Qi that nourishes and moistens the body, providing the material basis for mental activity and physical strength. It is produced from food essence and circulates through the vessels.
Blood Deficiency (血虚 Xuè Xū)
A condition where there is insufficient Blood to nourish the body, manifesting as paleness, dizziness, dry skin, and menstrual irregularities.
Blood Heat (血热 Xuè Rè)
A condition where excessive heat enters the Blood, causing symptoms such as skin eruptions, bleeding, and a feeling of internal heat.
Blood Stasis (血瘀 Xuè Yú)
A pathological state where Blood flow is obstructed or congealed, leading to sharp, fixed pain, dark complexion, and possibly masses.
Blood Vessels (血脉 Xuè Mài)
The Blood Vessels are the conduits for Blood, circulating it throughout the body to nourish tissues and organs. They are governed by the Heart and influenced by the Liver's smooth flow of qi.
Body Fluids (津液 Jīn Yè)
All the normal liquid components of the body, including tears, sweat, saliva, and digestive fluids, which moisten and lubricate tissues and organs.
Body Fluids (Jin-Ye) (津液 Jīn Yè)
All the normal liquid substances in the body other than Blood, including sweat, tears, saliva, and joint fluid. They moisten the tissues, lubricate the joints, and regulate body temperature.
Body Odors (气味 Qì Wèi)
Distinctive smells emanating from the patient's body, breath, or excretions, which can provide clues about specific pathogenic factors or internal organ dysfunctions.
Brain (脑 Nǎo)
The Brain is considered the 'Sea of Marrow' and governs intelligence, memory, and sensory functions. It is nourished by Kidney Essence and Blood.
C
Calm the Spirit (安神 An Shen)
To soothe and stabilize the mind and emotions, often used for insomnia, anxiety, or palpitations caused by disturbed Shen.
Chief Complaint (主诉 Zhǔ Sù)
The primary symptom or reason for which the patient is seeking treatment, which guides the initial focus of the diagnostic process.
Chills and Fever (寒热 Hán Rè)
Inquiry about the presence and characteristics of sensations of coldness or heat, indicating the nature of pathogenic factors and the balance of Yin and Yang.
Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) (冲脉 Chōng Mài)
Often called the 'Sea of Blood,' this vessel originates in the pelvis and ascends through the abdomen and chest, having branches that connect with the twelve primary channels and influencing blood circulation and menstruation.
Choppy Pulse (澀脈 Sè Mài)
A pulse that feels rough, uneven, and hesitant, like a knife scraping bamboo. It is a strong indicator of Blood deficiency or Blood stasis.
Clear Heat (清热 Qing Re)
To eliminate various forms of heat from the body, whether it's excess heat, deficient heat, or heat lodged in specific organs or channels.
Cold (寒 Hán)
As an external evil, Cold is characterized by its constricting and congealing nature, leading to symptoms such as pain, stiffness, contraction, and a preference for warmth, often manifesting as chills, abdominal pain, or joint pain.
Cold Pattern (寒證 Han Zheng)
A pattern characterized by a lack of warmth or an excess of cold, leading to symptoms like aversion to cold, cold limbs, pale complexion, and slow pulse.
Command Points (总括穴 Zǒng Kuòng Xué)
A set of four specific points (or sometimes more) that have a broad therapeutic effect on particular regions or types of disorders in the body, such as the head and neck, back, abdomen, or face.
Complexion (面色 Miàn Sè)
The color and luster of the patient's face, which can reflect the condition of internal organs and the presence of various pathological factors like heat, cold, or blood stagnation.
Constitutional Factors (先天不足 Xiān Tiān Bù Zú)
These are inherent weaknesses or predispositions inherited from parents, often related to Kidney Essence, which can make an individual more susceptible to certain diseases or lead to chronic conditions.
Controlling Cycle (Ke Cycle) (相克 Xiāng Kè)
Describes the restraining and regulating relationship between the Five Phases, preventing any one phase from becoming excessive. For example, Wood controls Earth, Earth controls Water, Water controls Fire, Fire controls Metal, and Metal controls Wood.
Cracked Tongue (裂纹舌 Liè Wén Shé)
A tongue body with fissures or cracks on its surface, which can indicate Yin deficiency, Blood deficiency, or sometimes congenital factors.
Crossing Points (交会穴 Jiāo Huì Xué)
Points where two or more meridians intersect or cross paths; they are used to treat conditions that involve multiple meridians or to harmonize their qi flow.
Cupping (拔罐 Bá Guàn)
A method where cups are placed on the skin to create suction, drawing the skin and superficial muscle layer upwards to promote blood flow and relieve stagnation.
D
Dai Mai (Belt Vessel) (带脉 Dài Mài)
This is the only horizontal vessel, encircling the waist like a belt, and it functions to bind and regulate the vertical flow of Qi in the other channels, particularly affecting the lower abdomen and legs.
Dampness (湿 Shī)
Dampness is an external evil known for its heavy, turbid, sticky, and downward-flowing nature, causing symptoms such as a feeling of heaviness, swelling, digestive issues, and sticky discharges.
De Qi (得气 Dé Qì)
The sensation felt by both the patient and the practitioner upon successful arrival of Qi at the acupuncture point, often described as a dull ache, distention, or tingling.
Deep Pulse (沉脈 Chén Mài)
A pulse that is only felt with heavy pressure, close to the bone. It typically suggests an interior condition, which can be due to either excess or deficiency.
Deep Red Tongue (绛舌 Jiàng Shé)
An intensely dark red or crimson tongue body, indicating extreme Heat, often due to severe Yin deficiency or pathogenic Heat invading the Ying (Nutritive) or Xue (Blood) levels.
Defensive Qi (卫气 Wèi Qì)
The protective and active form of Qi that circulates outside the blood vessels, guarding the body against external pathogens and regulating body temperature.
Deficiency of Qi, Blood, Yin, or Yang (气血阴阳虚 Qì Xuè Yīn Yáng Xū)
These are internal imbalances where the body lacks sufficient vital substances or energies, leading to a decline in physiological function and manifesting as fatigue, weakness, coldness, or heat symptoms depending on the specific deficiency.
Deficiency Pattern (虛證 Xu Zheng)
A pattern resulting from an insufficiency of Qi, Blood, Yin, or Yang, leading to weakness, fatigue, and a general lack of vital substances or functions.
Diet and Taste (饮食口味 Yǐn Shí Kǒu Wèi)
Inquiry about appetite, food preferences, cravings, and any unusual tastes in the mouth, reflecting the condition of the Spleen and Stomach.
Direct Moxibustion (直接灸 Zhí Jiē Jiǔ)
Moxibustion where a small cone of moxa is placed directly on the skin and burned, either until the patient feels heat or until it burns down completely, potentially causing a blister.
Dispel Cold (祛寒 Qu Han)
To eliminate pathogenic cold from the body, which can manifest as pain, stiffness, or cold extremities, often by warming and promoting circulation.
Dispel Food Stagnation (消食 Xiao Shi)
To aid digestion and eliminate undigested food accumulation in the stomach and intestines, relieving symptoms like bloating, belching, and indigestion.
Dispel Wind (祛风 Qu Feng)
To eliminate pathogenic wind from the body, which can manifest as migratory pain, spasms, or skin conditions, often combined with dispelling dampness or cold.
Disturbed Spirit (神不安 Shén Bù Ān)
A state where the Spirit is agitated or unsettled, manifesting as insomnia, anxiety, restlessness, and emotional instability.
Drain (泻 Xie)
To expel or reduce excess pathogenic factors such as dampness, phlegm, or accumulated food, or to subdue hyperactive functions within the body.
Drumskin Pulse (革脈 Gé Mài)
A pulse that feels taut and hard on the outside but empty within, like a drumskin. It indicates severe loss of essence, blood, or yin, often with cold.
Dry Coating (燥苔 Zào Tái)
A tongue coating that lacks moisture and appears parched, indicating a deficiency of body fluids or the presence of excessive Heat that has consumed fluids.
Dryness (燥 Zào)
As an external evil, Dryness is characterized by its desiccating nature, tending to consume fluids and manifest as symptoms like dry skin, dry cough, thirst, constipation, and cracked lips.
Du Mai (Governing Vessel) (督脉 Dū Mài)
Originating in the pelvis, this vessel ascends along the midline of the posterior aspect of the body, governing all Yang channels and influencing the brain, spinal cord, and nervous system.
E
Earth (土 Tǔ)
Represents stability, nourishment, transformation, and centering. It corresponds to the Spleen and Stomach, late summer, worry, and yellow color.
Eight Confluent Points (八脉交会穴 Bā Mài Jiāo Huì Xué)
A group of eight points, each connecting to one of the Eight Extraordinary Meridians; they are used to influence and regulate the qi flow in these extraordinary channels and treat a wide range of conditions.
Eight Extraordinary Vessels (奇经八脉 Qí Jīng Bā Mài)
These are a group of eight unique channels that act as reservoirs for Qi and Blood, regulating the twelve primary channels and having specific functions related to growth, development, and reproduction.
Eight Principles (八綱 Ba Gang)
The fundamental diagnostic framework in TCM, classifying patterns according to four pairs of opposing qualities: interior/exterior, cold/heat, deficiency/excess, and yin/yang.
Electroacupuncture (电针 Diàn Zhēn)
A technique that involves attaching electrodes to acupuncture needles and applying a mild electrical current to enhance the therapeutic effect.
Empty Pulse (虛脈 Xū Mài)
A pulse that feels large but lacks strength and substance, easily collapsing under pressure. It is a primary indicator of general deficiency, particularly of Qi and Blood.
Entry and Exit Points (入出穴 Rù Chū Xué)
The points where qi enters and exits a meridian, marking the beginning and end of its pathway; they are sometimes used to facilitate the smooth flow of qi along the entire meridian.
Epidemic Pathogens (疫疠 Yì Lì)
These are highly contagious and virulent external pathogens that can spread rapidly and cause widespread illness, often presenting with severe symptoms and affecting many people simultaneously.
Essence (精 Jīng)
The refined and fundamental substance that forms the basis of life, growth, development, and reproduction, stored primarily in the Kidneys.
Essence Deficiency (精虚 Jīng Xū)
A depletion of Essence, leading to symptoms such as premature aging, developmental delays, infertility, and chronic weakness.
Excess Pattern (實證 Shi Zheng)
A pattern resulting from the accumulation of pathogenic factors or an overabundance of normal physiological substances, leading to strong, acute symptoms and resistance to pressure.
Exterior Pattern (表證 Biao Zheng)
A pattern where a pathogenic factor is located on the body's surface, typically involving the skin, muscles, and Wei Qi, often presenting with acute onset and mild symptoms like fever and chills.
Extinguish Wind (熄风 Xi Feng)
To stop internal wind, which manifests as tremors, convulsions, or spasms, often by calming the Liver or nourishing Yin.
Extraordinary Fu Organs (奇恒之腑 Qí Héng Zhī Fǔ)
These are organs that share characteristics of both Zang and Fu organs, storing essence like Zang organs but having a hollow structure like Fu organs. They include the Brain, Marrow, Bones, Uterus, Blood Vessels, and Gallbladder.
F
Faint Pulse (微脈 Wēi Mài)
A pulse that is extremely fine, soft, and barely palpable, often feeling as if it might disappear. It indicates extreme deficiency of Qi and Blood, often a critical state.
Fear (恐 Kǒng)
Fear causes Qi to descend, primarily affecting the Kidneys, potentially leading to symptoms such as incontinence, nocturnal enuresis, weakness in the lower back and knees, and anxiety.
Filiform Needle (毫针 Háo Zhēn)
The most commonly used type of acupuncture needle, characterized by its fine, solid, and flexible structure, designed for minimal discomfort.
Fire (火 Huǒ)
Represents warmth, heat, light, and upward movement. It corresponds to the Heart and Small Intestine, summer, joy, and red color.
Five Phases Theory (五行理论 Wǔ Xíng Lǐlùn)
A comprehensive theoretical framework in TCM that classifies all phenomena into five elemental phases—Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water—and describes their interrelationships, transformations, and correspondences in nature and the human body.
Five Shu Points (五输穴 Wǔ Shū Xué)
A group of five specific points located on the limbs distal to the elbows and knees, each corresponding to a different phase of qi flow (Jing-Well, Ying-Spring, Shu-Stream, Jing-River, He-Sea) and having distinct therapeutic actions.
Flaccid Tongue (软弱舌 Ruǎn Ruò Shé)
A tongue that is limp and lacks tone, indicating severe Qi and Blood deficiency or extreme Yin deficiency.
Floating Pulse (浮脈 Fú Mài)
A pulse that is easily felt with light pressure and becomes less distinct or disappears with heavier pressure. It often indicates an exterior condition or a deficiency of yin.
Fluid Deficiency (津液不足 Jīn Yè Bù Zú)
A state of insufficient body fluids, leading to dryness of the mouth, skin, and eyes, and potentially constipation.
Four Examinations (四诊 Sì Zhěn)
The fundamental diagnostic framework in Traditional Chinese Medicine, encompassing inspection, auscultation and olfaction, palpation, and inquiry, used to gather comprehensive information about a patient's condition.
Four Seas Points (四海穴 Sì Hǎi Xué)
Points that influence the 'Four Seas' of qi, blood, marrow, and food; they are used to regulate the overall abundance or deficiency of these fundamental substances in the body.
Front-Mu Points (募穴 Mù Xué)
Specific points located on the chest and abdomen, each corresponding to a particular zangfu organ; they are used to diagnose and treat disorders of their associated organs, often reflecting the organ's current state.
Fu Organs (腑腑 Fǔ Fǔ)
The Fu organs are the six yang organs (Small Intestine, Stomach, Large Intestine, Urinary Bladder, Gallbladder, San Jiao) that receive, digest, and excrete substances. They are considered hollow and primarily responsible for processing and transportation.
Full Pulse (實脈 Shí Mài)
A pulse that feels strong, forceful, and wide at all three depths, resisting pressure. It indicates an excess condition, often due to pathogenic factors.
G
Gallbladder (胆 Dǎn)
The Gallbladder stores and excretes bile, aiding in digestion. It also influences decision-making and courage, reflecting its close relationship with the Liver.
Gallbladder Channel of Foot Shaoyang (足少阳胆经 Zú Shào Yáng Dǎn Jīng)
Beginning at the outer canthus of the eye, this channel zigzags across the head, descends along the side of the body, and continues down the lateral aspect of the leg to the fourth toe, connecting internally with the gallbladder and liver.
Gathering Points (聚会穴 Jù Huì Xué)
Points where specific types of qi or substances, such as bone, marrow, blood, or sinews, are said to gather; they are used to treat disorders related to these particular tissues or substances.
Gathering Qi (宗气 Zōng Qì)
A form of Qi generated from the combination of air inhaled by the Lungs and food essence from the Spleen, accumulating in the chest to support respiration and circulation.
Generating Cycle (Sheng Cycle) (相生 Xiāng Shēng)
Describes the nourishing and promoting relationship between the Five Phases, where one phase gives rise to or supports the next. For example, Wood generates Fire, Fire generates Earth, Earth generates Metal, Metal generates Water, and Water generates Wood.
Geographic Tongue (地图舌 Dì Tú Shé)
A tongue with irregular patches of peeled coating interspersed with normal coating, often indicating Stomach Yin deficiency or a chronic deficiency pattern.
Ghost Points (鬼穴 Guǐ Xué)
A historical set of points primarily used in ancient times to treat severe mental and emotional disorders, often associated with 'demonic' influences or extreme psychological imbalances.
Greasy Coating (腻苔 Nì Tái)
A coating that appears thick, sticky, and difficult to scrape off, signifying the presence of Dampness, Phlegm, or food stagnation.
Guasha (刮痧 Guā Shā)
A technique involving scraping the skin with a smooth-edged tool to produce light petechiae, promoting blood circulation and releasing muscle tension.
H
Harmonize (和解 He Jie)
To reconcile opposing forces or pathological states, particularly when pathogenic factors are lodged between the interior and exterior, or when there is disharmony between organs.
He-Sea Points (合穴 Hé Xué)
The fifth and final of the Five Shu points, located near the elbows and knees, where qi converges like a river into a sea; they are effective for treating rebellious qi, diarrhea, skin diseases, and disorders of the respective fu organs.
Heart (心 Xīn)
The Heart governs Blood and Blood Vessels, circulating qi and blood throughout the body. It also houses the Shen (mind/spirit), influencing consciousness, memory, and sleep.
Heart Blood Deficiency (心血虛 Xin Xue Xu)
A common internal pattern where the Heart's Blood is insufficient, leading to palpitations, insomnia, poor memory, and a pale tongue.
Heart Channel of Hand Shaoyin (手少阴心经 Shǒu Shào Yīn Xīn Jīng)
This channel begins in the heart, descends through the diaphragm to the small intestine, and then emerges from the axilla, running along the medial posterior aspect of the arm to the little finger.
Heat Pattern (熱證 Re Zheng)
A pattern characterized by an excess of warmth or a deficiency of cooling, leading to symptoms like aversion to heat, fever, red complexion, thirst, and rapid pulse.
Heavenly Star Points (马丹阳天星穴 Mǎ Dān Yáng Tiān Xīng Xué)
A collection of eleven highly effective points identified by the Jin Dynasty physician Ma Dan Yang, renowned for their broad therapeutic applications and strong clinical efficacy in various conditions.
Hidden Pulse (伏脈 Fú Mài)
A pulse that is felt only with extreme pressure, even deeper than a deep pulse, almost touching the bone. It indicates severe interior excess, such as extreme cold, pain, or fainting.
Holism (整体观念 Zhěng Tǐ Guān Niàn)
A core philosophical concept in TCM emphasizing that the human body is an integrated whole, and that humans are inseparable from their natural and social environment. Health depends on the harmonious interaction of all these elements.
Hollow Pulse (空脈 Kōng Mài)
A pulse that feels floating and large, but empty in the middle, like a scallion stalk. It indicates severe loss of blood or collapse of Yin.
Hurried Pulse (促脈 Cù Mài)
A rapid pulse with irregular skipped beats. It indicates excess heat with Qi and Blood stagnation, or severe exhaustion of Zang-Fu organs.
I
Improper Diet (不当饮食 Bù Dāng Yǐn Shí)
This refers to an unbalanced or inappropriate intake of food and drink, which can lead to various internal imbalances such as Spleen deficiency, dampness accumulation, or heat generation, affecting digestion and overall health.
Indirect Moxibustion (间接灸 Jiān Jiē Jiǔ)
Moxibustion where a barrier, such as ginger, garlic, or salt, is placed between the burning moxa and the skin to prevent direct contact and control heat intensity.
Induce Vomiting (涌吐 Yong Tu)
To expel harmful substances from the stomach via vomiting, typically used for acute food poisoning or phlegm accumulation in the throat.
Inquiry (问诊 Wèn Zhěn)
The diagnostic method of asking the patient detailed questions about their chief complaint, medical history, lifestyle, and various bodily functions to gather subjective information about their condition.
Inspection (望诊 Wàng Zhěn)
The diagnostic method of observing the patient's overall appearance, including their spirit, complexion, body shape, posture, and specific areas like the tongue, to identify signs of imbalance.
Insulting Cycle (Wu Cycle) (相侮 Xiāng Wǔ)
An abnormal relationship where a controlled phase becomes excessively strong and 'insults' or reverses the control relationship, acting back on its controller. For example, a strong Spleen (Earth) can insult the Liver (Wood).
Interdependence of Yin and Yang (阴阳互根 Yīn Yáng Hù Gēn)
One of the four main aspects of Yin-Yang, meaning that Yin and Yang cannot exist without each other; each provides the foundation for the other's existence. For example, without cold (Yin), there would be no concept of heat (Yang).
Interior Pattern (裡證 Li Zheng)
A pattern where a pathogenic factor has penetrated deeper into the body, affecting the Zang Fu organs, Qi, Blood, or Fluids, usually presenting with more severe and complex symptoms.
Intermittent Pulse (結代脈 Jié Dài Mài)
A pulse that stops at irregular intervals (knotted) or regular intervals (intermittent). It indicates severe Qi and Blood stagnation, heart problems, or internal organ damage.
Intradermal Needle (皮内针 Pí Nèi Zhēn)
Small, short needles designed to be inserted superficially into the skin and often taped in place for prolonged stimulation of an acupuncture point.
Invigorate Blood (活血 Huo Xue)
To promote blood circulation and break up blood stasis, thereby alleviating pain, masses, and other symptoms caused by obstructed blood flow.
J
Jing (Essence) (精 Jīng)
A refined and fundamental substance stored primarily in the Kidneys, responsible for growth, development, reproduction, and overall vitality. It is inherited from parents (prenatal) and nourished by food (postnatal).
Jing-River Points (经穴 Jīng Xué)
The fourth of the Five Shu points, located where qi flows more deeply and broadly like a river; they are primarily used to treat cough, dyspnea, chills, fever, and disorders of the voice.
Jing-Well Points (井穴 Jǐng Xué)
The first of the Five Shu points, located at the tips of the fingers and toes, where qi emerges like water from a well; they are used to clear heat, restore consciousness, and treat fullness below the heart.
Joy / Over-excitement (喜 Xǐ)
While a positive emotion, excessive or prolonged joy can scatter Qi, particularly affecting the Heart, potentially leading to symptoms like palpitations, insomnia, and mental restlessness.
K
Kidney (肾 Shèn)
The Kidney stores Essence (Jing), which is the fundamental substance for growth, development, and reproduction. It also governs water metabolism and controls the bones, marrow, and brain.
Kidney Channel of Foot Shaoyin (足少阴肾经 Zú Shào Yīn Shèn Jīng)
Originating on the sole of the foot, this channel ascends along the medial aspect of the leg and thigh, through the spine, and up to the chest, connecting internally with the kidneys, bladder, and other organs.
Kidney Essence (肾精 Shèn Jīng)
The specific essence stored in the Kidneys, vital for reproduction, bone marrow production, brain function, and overall longevity.
Kidney Yin Deficiency (腎陰虛 Shen Yin Xu)
A common internal pattern where the Kidney's Yin essence is insufficient, leading to 'empty heat' symptoms like night sweats, lower back pain, tinnitus, and a thin, rapid pulse.
L
Large Intestine (大肠 Dà Cháng)
The Large Intestine receives waste products from the Small Intestine, reabsorbing fluids and forming stools. It then excretes the turbid waste from the body.
Large Intestine Channel of Hand Yangming (手阳明大肠经 Shǒu Yáng Míng Dà Cháng Jīng)
Starting at the index finger, this channel travels along the lateral aspect of the arm, over the shoulder, up the neck, and across the face to end beside the nose, connecting with the large intestine internally.
Liver (肝 Gān)
The Liver stores Blood and regulates the smooth flow of qi throughout the body. It also controls the sinews and nails, influencing flexibility and movement.
Liver Channel of Foot Jueyin (足厥阴肝经 Zú Jué Yīn Gān Jīng)
Originating at the big toe, this channel ascends along the medial aspect of the leg and thigh, through the groin, and up to the chest, connecting internally with the liver and gallbladder.
Liver Qi Stagnation (肝氣鬱結 Gan Qi Yu Jie)
A common internal pattern where the Liver's function of ensuring smooth Qi flow is impaired, leading to emotional irritability, distending pain in the hypochondrium, and a wiry pulse.
Long Pulse (長脈 Cháng Mài)
A pulse that extends beyond the normal three positions, feeling long and straight. It generally indicates an excess condition, often related to heat or strong Qi.
Looose Pulse (緩脈 Huǎn Mài)
A pulse that feels soft, relaxed, and slightly slow, lacking tension. It indicates dampness or a general deficiency, often of the Spleen Qi.
Lower He-Sea Points (下合穴 Xià Hé Xué)
A subset of He-Sea points specifically for the six Fu organs, located on the legs; they are particularly effective for treating disorders of their respective Fu organs, especially those involving the intestines and stomach.
Lower Jiao (下焦 Xià Jiāo)
The Lower Jiao, below the umbilicus, contains the Kidneys, Liver, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, and Bladder. It functions like a 'drainage ditch,' separating pure from turbid and excreting waste.
Lung (肺 Fèi)
The Lung governs qi and respiration, taking in clear qi from the air and distributing it throughout the body. It also controls the skin and hair, regulating sweat and body temperature.
Lung Channel of Hand Taiyin (手太阴肺经 Shǒu Tài Yīn Fèi Jīng)
This channel originates in the middle Jiao, descends to the large intestine, and then ascends to the stomach, diaphragm, and lungs, eventually emerging on the chest and running along the inner arm to the thumb.
Lung Qi Deficiency (肺氣虛 Fei Qi Xu)
A pattern where the Lung's Qi is insufficient, leading to shortness of breath, weak cough, susceptibility to colds, and a pale tongue.
Luo Mai (Collaterals) (络脉 Luò Mài)
These are smaller, branching vessels that extend from the primary channels, connecting Yin and Yang channels, distributing Qi and Blood more broadly, and linking the interior and exterior of the body.
Luo-Connecting Points (络穴 Luò Xué)
Points where the Luo (collateral) channels branch off from the main meridians to connect with their interiorly-exteriorly related meridian; they are used to treat disorders involving both meridians or conditions affecting the superficial and deep aspects of the body.
M
Marrow (髓 Suǐ)
Marrow, including bone marrow and spinal cord, is generated from Kidney Essence and nourishes the Brain and bones. It is essential for vitality and neurological function.
Medical History (病史 Bìng Shǐ)
Information about the patient's past illnesses, surgeries, medications, and family health, which can provide context for their current condition.
Meridians (Jing-Luo) (经络 Jīng Luò)
A network of invisible pathways or channels throughout the body through which Qi and Blood circulate, connecting the Zang-Fu organs, limbs, and sensory organs. They are crucial for communication and maintaining physiological balance.
Metal (金 Jīn)
Represents contraction, purification, structure, and downward movement. It corresponds to the Lung and Large Intestine, autumn, grief, and white color.
Middle Jiao (中焦 Zhōng Jiāo)
The Middle Jiao, between the diaphragm and umbilicus, includes the Spleen and Stomach. It functions like a 'foaming cauldron,' transforming food into qi and blood.
Moderate Pulse (緩脈 Huǎn Mài)
A pulse that is normal in rate (four beats per breath) and feels relaxed and even. It is considered a healthy pulse, indicating balance.
Moisten Dryness (润燥 Run Zao)
To nourish and lubricate dry tissues and fluids, addressing symptoms like dry cough, dry skin, or constipation caused by internal dryness.
Moving Cupping (走罐 Zǒu Guàn)
A cupping technique where oil is applied to the skin, and the cup is moved along a meridian or muscle group while suction is maintained, creating a massage-like effect.
Moving Pulse (動脈 Dòng Mài)
A pulse that feels like a bean, short, slippery, and rapid, vibrating under the finger. It indicates shock, fright, pain, or extreme emotional upset.
Moxibustion (艾灸 Ài Jiǔ)
A technique that involves burning dried mugwort (moxa) near or on the surface of the skin at acupuncture points to warm and invigorate Qi and blood.
Mutual Opposition of Yin and Yang (阴阳对立 Yīn Yáng Duì Lì)
One of the four main aspects of Yin-Yang, meaning that Yin and Yang are opposing forces that constantly strive for dominance over each other. This opposition creates the dynamic tension necessary for all processes.
Mutual Transformation of Yin and Yang (阴阳互化 Yīn Yáng Hù Huà)
One of the four main aspects of Yin-Yang, meaning that under certain conditions, Yin can transform into Yang and Yang can transform into Yin. For instance, extreme cold can lead to internal heat, or prolonged activity can lead to exhaustion.
N
Needle Angle (针角 Zhēn Jiǎo)
The specific orientation at which an acupuncture needle is inserted into the skin, which can be perpendicular, oblique, or transverse, depending on the point and desired effect.
Needle Depth (针深 Zhēn Shēn)
The extent to which an acupuncture needle is inserted into the body, varying based on the location of the point, the patient's constitution, and the therapeutic goal.
Needle Manipulation (捻转提插 Niǎn Zhuǎn Tí Chá)
The various movements applied to an inserted needle, such as twirling, lifting, and thrusting, to elicit De Qi and achieve reinforcing or reducing effects.
Needling (刺法 Cì Fǎ)
The general act and specific methods of inserting acupuncture needles into the body to achieve a therapeutic effect.
Nutritive Qi (营气 Yíng Qì)
The refined and nourishing aspect of Qi that circulates within the blood vessels, providing sustenance to the organs and tissues throughout the body.
O
Open Orifices (开窍 Kai Qiao)
To restore consciousness and clear the mind in cases of severe collapse or coma, typically by using aromatic and penetrating substances.
Open the Channels (通络 Tong Luo)
To unblock and promote the smooth flow of Qi and Blood within the collateral channels, alleviating pain and numbness caused by obstruction.
Organ Qi (脏腑气 Zàng Fǔ Qì)
The specific functional energy of each individual organ, responsible for its unique physiological activities and interactions within the body.
Original Qi (元气 Yuán Qì)
The primordial Qi inherited from parents, stored in the Kidneys, which forms the basis for all other types of Qi and is crucial for growth, development, and reproduction.
Overacting Cycle (Cheng Cycle) (相乘 Xiāng Chéng)
An abnormal relationship where a controlling phase becomes excessively strong and over-controls its target, leading to imbalance and pathology. For example, an overactive Liver (Wood) can overact on the Spleen (Earth).
Overwork / Excessive Rest (劳倦 / 过度休息 Láo Juàn / Guò Dù Xiū Xí)
Both physical and mental overexertion consume Qi and Blood, while excessive rest can lead to stagnation and weakness, with both extremes disrupting the body's balance and leading to various deficiencies or blockages.
P
Pain (疼痛 Téng Tòng)
Detailed questioning about the location, nature, severity, and aggravating/alleviating factors of any pain, providing crucial information about its underlying cause.
Pale Tongue (淡舌 Dàn Shé)
A tongue body that is lighter than normal pink, often appearing whitish, indicating a deficiency of Qi and Blood or the presence of Cold in the body.
Palpation (切诊 Qiè Zhěn)
The diagnostic method of touching and feeling specific areas of the patient's body, primarily the pulse and abdomen, to assess the condition of Qi, Blood, and internal organs.
Parasites / Poisons (虫毒 Chóng Dú)
Internal parasites or external poisons can directly harm the body's organs and substances, leading to a range of symptoms depending on their nature, often causing depletion, stagnation, or toxic heat.
Peeled Coating (剥落苔 Bō Luò Tái)
Areas where the tongue coating is completely absent, revealing the underlying tongue body, often indicating Stomach Yin deficiency or severe Stomach Qi deficiency.
Pericardium (心包 Xīn Bāo)
The Pericardium is the protective sheath of the Heart, shielding it from external pathogens and emotional shock. It shares many functions with the Heart, particularly in governing blood and housing the Shen.
Pericardium Channel of Hand Jueyin (手厥阴心包经 Shǒu Jué Yīn Xīn Bāo Jīng)
This channel begins in the chest, connects with the pericardium, and then descends through the diaphragm to the abdomen, emerging from the axilla and running along the medial aspect of the arm to the middle finger.
Phlegm (痰 Tán)
Phlegm is a pathological product of fluid metabolism dysfunction, often due to Spleen deficiency, which can manifest in tangible forms (e.g., sputum) or intangible forms (e.g., lumps, mental fogginess), causing a wide range of symptoms.
Plum Blossom Needle (梅花针 Méi Huā Zhēn)
A small hammer-like device with multiple short needles at its head, used for tapping the skin surface to stimulate points or areas, often for dermatological conditions.
Post-natal Essence (后天精 Hòu Tiān Jīng)
The essence derived from food and drink after birth, continuously replenished by the Spleen and Stomach to support daily activities and maintain health.
Pre-natal Essence (先天精 Xiān Tiān Jīng)
The inherited essence from parents at conception, determining an individual's basic constitution, vitality, and potential for growth and development.
Promote Urination (利水 Li Shui)
To facilitate the excretion of excess water and dampness through urination, used for edema, urinary difficulty, or damp-heat in the bladder.
Pulse Diagnosis (脉诊 Mài Zhěn)
A sophisticated diagnostic technique involving palpating the radial artery at specific positions on both wrists to assess the depth, rate, strength, and quality of the pulse, reflecting the state of internal organs and Qi-Blood.
Pulse Positions (脉位 Mài Wèi)
The three specific points on the radial artery (Cun, Guan, Chi) on each wrist, each corresponding to different Zang-Fu organs, where the pulse is palpated.
Pulse Qualities (脉象 Mài Xiàng)
The various characteristics of the pulse, such as floating, deep, rapid, slow, thready, or wiry, which indicate specific pathological patterns and the condition of Qi, Blood, Yin, and Yang.
Purge (攻下 Gong Xia)
To strongly induce bowel movements to clear severe constipation, remove accumulated heat, or expel stagnant food and toxins from the intestines.
Purple Tongue (紫舌 Zǐ Shé)
A tongue body with a purplish hue, which can range from bluish-purple to reddish-purple, signifying Blood Stasis or severe Cold.
Q
Qi (气 Qì)
The vital life force or energy that animates all living things and circulates throughout the body, performing various functions like warming, transforming, protecting, and holding. It is the fundamental substance of the universe.
Qi Collapse (气脱 Qì Tuō)
A severe and critical condition of extreme Qi deficiency where the body's vital energy rapidly depletes, potentially leading to shock or loss of consciousness.
Qi Deficiency (气虚 Qì Xū)
A state characterized by insufficient Qi, resulting in symptoms like fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and a pale complexion.
Qi Stagnation (气滞 Qì Zhì)
A pathological condition where the flow of Qi is obstructed or impeded, leading to feelings of distension, pain, and emotional frustration.
R
Rapid Pulse (數脈 Shuò Mài)
A pulse with more than five beats per breath, generally signifying a heat condition, whether excess or deficient.
Red Tongue (红舌 Hóng Shé)
A tongue body that is distinctly redder than normal, suggesting the presence of Heat in the body, which can be either excess or deficient Heat.
Reducing Method (泻法 Xiè Fǎ)
A needling technique employed to disperse excess Qi or blood, typically involving rapid insertion, strong manipulation, and slow withdrawal of the needle.
Regulate Qi (理气 Li Qi)
To promote the smooth flow of Qi throughout the body, addressing stagnation or rebellious Qi, which can cause pain, distention, or emotional upset.
Reinforcing Method (补法 Bǔ Fǎ)
A needling technique used to strengthen deficient Qi or blood, often involving slow insertion, gentle manipulation, and quick withdrawal of the needle.
Relative Balance of Yin and Yang (阴阳相对平衡 Yīn Yáng Xiāng Duì Píng Héng)
One of the four main aspects of Yin-Yang, indicating that while Yin and Yang are always in flux, a state of relative balance is maintained in healthy systems. Imbalance leads to disease.
Release the Exterior (解表 Jie Biao)
To expel pathogenic factors from the superficial layers of the body, typically used for early-stage colds and flu with symptoms like fever, chills, and headache.
Ren Mai (Conception Vessel) (任脉 Rèn Mài)
This vessel originates in the pelvis and ascends along the midline of the anterior aspect of the body, governing all Yin channels and having a strong connection to female reproductive health.
Resolve Dampness (化湿 Hua Shi)
To transform and eliminate pathogenic dampness, which can cause symptoms like heaviness, swelling, or sticky discharges, often by promoting urination or drying.
Resolve Phlegm (化痰 Hua Tan)
To transform and eliminate phlegm, whether visible or invisible, which can cause cough, dizziness, or lumps, by drying or dissolving it.
Retaining Needles (留针 Liú Zhēn)
The practice of leaving acupuncture needles in place for a specific duration after insertion and manipulation, allowing for a sustained therapeutic effect.
Root and Branch Points (本标穴 Běn Biāo Xué)
A conceptual pairing of points where the 'root' point addresses the underlying cause of a condition, and the 'branch' point treats the symptomatic manifestation; this approach emphasizes treating both the origin and the symptoms.
Rooted Coating (有根苔 Yǒu Gēn Tái)
A tongue coating that appears to grow from the tongue body and cannot be easily scraped off, indicating that the Stomach Qi is still present and the condition is not extremely severe.
Rootless Coating (无根苔 Wú Gēn Tái)
A tongue coating that appears to lie on the surface and can be easily scraped off, suggesting a severe deficiency of Stomach Qi or a superficial condition.
S
Sadness / Grief (悲 Bēi)
Sadness or grief consumes Qi, particularly affecting the Lungs, potentially leading to symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, chest tightness, and a weak voice.
San Jiao (Triple Burner) (三焦 Sān Jiāo)
The San Jiao is not a physical organ but a functional division of the torso, governing the movement and transformation of qi and fluids. It is divided into Upper, Middle, and Lower Burners, each with distinct roles in metabolism.
San Jiao Channel of Hand Shaoyang (手少阳三焦经 Shǒu Shào Yáng Sān Jiāo Jīng)
Starting at the ring finger, this channel travels along the posterior aspect of the arm, over the shoulder, up the neck, and around the ear, connecting internally with the San Jiao.
Scattered Pulse (散脈 Sàn Mài)
A pulse that feels floating, large, and without roots, easily disappearing under pressure. It indicates severe deficiency of Qi and Blood, often a critical condition.
Seven-Star Needle (七星针 Qī Xīng Zhēn)
Another name for the Plum Blossom Needle, referring to the arrangement of its multiple needles.
Shen (Spirit) (神 Shén)
Refers to the mind, consciousness, and spirit, residing primarily in the Heart. It encompasses mental activity, emotional life, and overall vitality, reflecting the state of the body's Qi and Blood.
Shock (惊 Jīng)
Shock causes Qi to become chaotic and disordered, primarily affecting the Heart and Kidneys, leading to symptoms like palpitations, insomnia, mental confusion, and extreme anxiety.
Short Pulse (短脈 Duǎn Mài)
A pulse that does not reach the normal three positions, feeling confined to one or two. It usually signifies Qi deficiency or severe Qi stagnation.
Shu-Stream Points (输穴 Shū Xué)
The third of the Five Shu points, located where qi begins to flow more freely like a stream; they are often used to treat heaviness and pain in the joints, and disorders of the zangfu organs.
Sleep (睡眠 Shuì Mián)
Inquiry about sleep patterns, including difficulty falling asleep, waking during the night, or excessive dreaming, which can indicate imbalances of the Heart, Liver, or Kidneys.
Slippery Pulse (滑脈 Huá Mài)
A pulse that feels smooth, rounded, and rolls under the finger like pearls in a dish. It often suggests phlegm, dampness, food stagnation, or pregnancy.
Slow Pulse (緩脈 Huǎn Mài)
A pulse with fewer than four beats per breath, indicating a condition of cold, deficiency, or a normal healthy pulse in some individuals.
Small Intestine (小肠 Xiǎo Cháng)
The Small Intestine separates pure from turbid substances received from the Stomach. It absorbs nutrients and fluids, directing the pure to the Spleen and the turbid downwards.
Small Intestine Channel of Hand Taiyang (手太阳小肠经 Shǒu Tài Yáng Xiǎo Cháng Jīng)
Starting at the little finger, this channel travels along the posterior aspect of the arm, over the shoulder, up the neck, and across the face to the ear, connecting internally with the small intestine and heart.
Spirit (神 Shén)
The aspect of consciousness, mind, and vitality that resides in the Heart, encompassing mental activity, emotions, and overall spiritual well-being.
Spirit Deficiency (神虚 Shén Xū)
A condition of weakened Spirit, characterized by poor memory, lack of focus, apathy, and a general dullness of mental faculties.
Spleen (脾 Pí)
The Spleen transforms and transports food essences into qi and blood, nourishing the entire body. It also controls the blood, keeping it within the vessels, and governs the muscles and four limbs.
Spleen Channel of Foot Taiyin (足太阴脾经 Zú Tài Yīn Pí Jīng)
Originating at the big toe, this channel ascends along the medial aspect of the leg and thigh, through the abdomen, and up to the chest, connecting internally with the spleen and stomach.
Spleen Qi Deficiency (脾氣虛 Pi Qi Xu)
A common internal pattern where the Spleen's function of transformation and transportation is weak, leading to fatigue, poor appetite, loose stools, and a pale, swollen tongue.
Stagnation of Qi and Blood (气血郁结 Qì Xuè Yù Jié)
This refers to the blockage or impeded flow of vital energy and blood within the body, often caused by emotional stress, trauma, or external pathogens, leading to pain, masses, and dysfunction of organs.
Stiff Tongue (僵舌 Jiāng Shé)
A tongue that is rigid and difficult to move, often associated with internal Wind, Phlegm obstructing the channels, or severe Heat.
Stomach (胃 Wèi)
The Stomach receives and ripens food and drink, initiating the digestive process. It descends qi, moving digested contents downwards for further processing.
Stomach Channel of Foot Yangming (足阳明胃经 Zú Yáng Míng Wèi Jīng)
Beginning below the eye, this extensive channel descends along the face, neck, chest, abdomen, and anterior aspect of the leg, terminating at the second toe, with internal connections to the stomach and spleen.
Stomach Fire (胃火 Wei Huo)
An excess heat pattern in the Stomach, leading to symptoms like burning epigastric pain, excessive hunger, bad breath, bleeding gums, and a red tongue with a yellow coating.
Stop Bleeding (止血 Zhi Xue)
To arrest various forms of hemorrhage, whether internal or external, by cooling blood, astringing, or strengthening the Qi to contain blood.
Subdue Liver Yang (平肝阳 Ping Gan Yang)
To calm and descend hyperactive Liver Yang, which can cause symptoms like headache, dizziness, and irritability, often due to Yin deficiency.
Summer-Heat (暑 Shǔ)
This external evil is unique to the summer season and is characterized by extreme heat, upward and outward dispersion, and often accompanied by dampness, leading to symptoms like high fever, profuse sweating, thirst, and fatigue.
Sun Si Miao's 13 Ghost Points (孙思邈十三鬼穴 Sūn Sī Miǎo Shísān Guǐ Xué)
A specific sequence of thirteen points identified by the famous physician Sun Si Miao, historically used for treating severe mental illness, epilepsy, and conditions believed to be caused by malevolent spirits.
Superficial Collaterals (浮络 Fú Luò)
These are the most superficial of the collaterals, visible on the skin as small, net-like vessels, and they are responsible for nourishing the skin and connecting with the external environment.
Sweating (汗 Hàn)
Inquiry about the presence, amount, and timing of sweating, which can reveal imbalances in the Wei Qi, Yin, or Yang.
Swollen Tongue (胖大舌 Pàng Dà Shé)
A tongue body that appears larger and thicker than normal, often with teeth marks along the edges, indicating Dampness, Phlegm, or Spleen Qi deficiency.
T
Teeth Marks (齿痕 Chǐ Hén)
Indentations along the sides of the tongue body, caused by the tongue pressing against the teeth, commonly indicating Spleen Qi deficiency with Dampness.
Ten Questions (十问 Shí Wèn)
A traditional mnemonic framework for inquiry, covering ten key areas: chills and fever, sweating, head and body, diet and taste, chest and abdomen, hearing and thirst, defecation and urination, gynecological, previous illness, and cause.
Thick Coating (厚苔 Hòu Tái)
A coating that is noticeably thicker than normal, suggesting the accumulation of Dampness, Phlegm, or food stagnation.
Thick Fluids (液 Yè)
The turbid, heavy, and viscous body fluids that lubricate the joints, brain, and spinal cord, and are found in the internal organs.
Thin Fluids (津 Jīn)
The clear, thin, and watery body fluids that moisten the skin and muscles, and are components of sweat, tears, and saliva.
Thin Tongue (瘦舌 Shòu Shé)
A tongue body that is noticeably smaller and thinner than average, typically associated with Blood deficiency or Yin deficiency.
Thin White Coating (薄白苔 Báo Bái Tái)
A normal, healthy tongue coating that is thin, white, and moist, indicating a healthy Stomach Qi and no significant pathogenic factors.
Thread Embedding (埋线留针 Mài Xiàn Liú Zhēn)
A technique where absorbable surgical sutures are implanted into acupuncture points, providing continuous stimulation over an extended period.
Thready Pulse (細脈 Xì Mài)
A pulse that feels very thin and fine, but still distinct and clear. It typically points to a deficiency of Blood or Yin.
Tight Pulse (緊脈 Jǐn Mài)
A pulse that feels taut, forceful, and vibrates like a tightly twisted rope. It is a strong indicator of cold (either exterior or interior) or severe pain.
Tongue Body (舌体 Shé Tǐ)
Refers to the muscular substance of the tongue itself, whose color, shape, and texture provide insights into the condition of the Zang-Fu organs and the body's fundamental substances.
Tongue Body Color (舌体颜色 Shé Tǐ Yán Sè)
Refers to the underlying color of the tongue muscle itself, which reflects the state of Blood, Qi, Yin, and Yang, indicating the body's overall thermal condition and presence of deficiencies or excesses.
Tongue Body Shape (舌体形态 Shé Tǐ Xíng Tà)
Refers to the overall form, size, and texture of the tongue body, providing insights into the state of Qi, Blood, Fluids, and the presence of pathogens like Dampness or Phlegm.
Tongue Coating (舌苔 Shé Tái)
The layer of moss-like substance on the surface of the tongue, formed by the evaporation of stomach Qi and fluids, reflecting the state of the Stomach, Spleen, and the presence of pathogens.
Tongue Diagnosis (舌诊 Shé Zhěn)
A crucial diagnostic technique involving the observation of the tongue's body color, shape, coating, and moisture to reveal the state of internal organs, Qi, Blood, and pathogenic influences.
Tonify (补 Bu)
To strengthen and nourish the body's Qi, Blood, Yin, or Yang when there is a deficiency, aiming to restore proper function and vitality.
Trauma / Injury (外伤 Wài Shāng)
Physical trauma, such as falls, blows, or accidents, directly causes Qi and Blood stagnation, leading to pain, swelling, and bruising, and can also disrupt the flow of meridians.
Trembling Tongue (颤动舌 Chàn Dòng Shé)
Involuntary shaking or trembling of the tongue, often a sign of internal Wind, which can stem from extreme Qi deficiency or Liver Wind.
Twelve Primary Channels (十二经脉 Shí Èr Jīng Mài)
These are the main pathways through which Qi and Blood circulate throughout the body, connecting internal organs with the body's surface and limbs. They are symmetrically distributed and named according to their associated Zang-Fu organ and Yin-Yang polarity.
Twelve Primary Collaterals (十二经别 Shí Èr Jīng Bié)
These are deeper, internal branches of the twelve primary channels that diverge from their main pathways, penetrate deeper into the body, and connect with their associated Zang-Fu organs and other channels.
U
Upper Jiao (上焦 Shàng Jiāo)
The Upper Jiao, located above the diaphragm, encompasses the Heart and Lungs. It functions like a 'mist' or 'fog,' distributing qi and fluids throughout the upper body.
Urinary Bladder (膀胱 Páng Guāng)
The Urinary Bladder stores and excretes urine, transforming fluids with the assistance of Kidney Yang. Its function is crucial for maintaining proper water balance.
Urination and Defecation (二便 Èr Biàn)
Inquiry about the frequency, color, consistency, and any discomfort associated with bowel movements and urination, reflecting the function of the Spleen, Kidneys, Large Intestine, and Bladder.
Uterus (子宫 Zǐ Gōng)
The Uterus stores and regulates menstrual blood and is responsible for conception and pregnancy. Its function is closely linked to the Liver, Kidney, and Chong and Ren meridians.
V
Voice Quality (声音 Shēng Yīn)
The characteristics of a patient's voice, such as its volume, tone, and clarity, which can indicate the strength of Qi, the presence of phlegm, or other imbalances.
W
Warm (温 Wen)
To introduce warmth into the body to dispel cold, invigorate circulation, and restore Yang energy, often used for conditions caused by cold accumulation.
Warm Needling (温针 Wēn Zhēn)
A combined technique where a small piece of moxa is placed on the handle of an inserted acupuncture needle and ignited, allowing the heat to penetrate deeper into the point.
Water (水 Shuǐ)
Represents fluidity, storage, stillness, and downward movement. It corresponds to the Kidney and Bladder, winter, fear, and black/blue color.
White Coating (白苔 Bái Tái)
A tongue coating that is white, which can be thin or thick, indicating the presence of Cold or Dampness.
Wind (风 Fēng)
One of the Six External Evils, Wind is characterized by its rapid onset, migratory nature, and tendency to affect the upper body and exterior, often causing symptoms like chills, fever, headache, and body aches.
Wind-Cold (風寒 Feng Han)
An exterior pattern caused by the invasion of Wind and Cold, presenting with aversion to cold, fever, headache, body aches, and a floating, tight pulse.
Wind-Heat (風熱 Feng Re)
An exterior pattern caused by the invasion of Wind and Heat, presenting with fever, slight aversion to cold, sore throat, headache, and a floating, rapid pulse.
Window of Heaven Points (天牖穴 Tiān Yóu Xué)
A group of points located on the neck and head, used to regulate the flow of qi between the head and body, treating conditions like sudden loss of voice, goiter, and certain sensory disorders.
Wiry Pulse (弦脈 Xián Mài)
A pulse that feels taut, straight, and long like a violin string, often described as having a sharp edge. It commonly indicates Liver Qi stagnation, pain, or phlegm.
Wood (木 Mù)
Represents growth, expansion, flexibility, and upward movement. It corresponds to the Liver and Gallbladder, spring, anger, and green color.
Worry / Pensiveness (忧 / 思 Yōu / Sī)
Excessive worry or pensiveness knots Qi, primarily affecting the Spleen and Lungs, which can manifest as digestive problems, fatigue, poor appetite, and difficulty concentrating.
X
Xi-Cleft Points (郄穴 Xī Xué)
Points where the qi and blood of a meridian gather and accumulate; they are primarily used to treat acute conditions and pain along their respective meridians, especially those involving blood stasis.
Y
Yang (阳 Yáng)
Represents the masculine, light, warm, active, external, ascending, and functional aspects of phenomena. In the body, it relates to Qi, warmth, activity, organs like the Heart and Spleen, and the upper parts of the body.
Yang Deficiency (陽虛 Yang Xu)
A pattern characterized by insufficient Yang Qi, leading to cold symptoms like aversion to cold, cold limbs, deep fatigue, and a deep, slow pulse.
Yang Pattern (陽證 Yang Zheng)
A pattern primarily characterized by heat, excess, and exterior manifestations, often associated with an abundance of Yang Qi or a deficiency of Yin.
Yang Qiao Mai (Yang Motility Vessel) (阳跷脉 Yáng Qiáo Mài)
Originating at the heel, this vessel ascends along the lateral aspect of the leg, abdomen, and chest, influencing the movement and balance of the body, particularly related to wakefulness and eye function.
Yang Wei Mai (Yang Linking Vessel) (阳维脉 Yáng Wéi Mài)
Originating on the lateral aspect of the leg, this vessel ascends through the abdomen and chest, connecting and integrating all the Yang channels, particularly influencing the exterior of the body and resistance to pathogens.
Yellow Coating (黄苔 Huáng Tái)
A tongue coating with a yellow hue, indicating the presence of Heat in the body; the deeper the yellow, the more severe the Heat.
Yin (阴 Yīn)
Represents the feminine, dark, cold, passive, internal, descending, and substantial aspects of phenomena. In the body, it relates to blood, body fluids, organs like the Kidneys and Liver, and the lower parts of the body.
Yin Deficiency (陰虛 Yin Xu)
A pattern characterized by insufficient Yin substances, leading to 'empty heat' symptoms like night sweats, five-palm heat, dry mouth, and a thin, rapid pulse.
Yin Pattern (陰證 Yin Zheng)
A pattern primarily characterized by cold, deficiency, and interior manifestations, often associated with a lack of Yang Qi or an excess of Yin.
Yin Qiao Mai (Yin Motility Vessel) (阴跷脉 Yīn Qiáo Mài)
This vessel originates at the heel and ascends along the medial aspect of the leg, abdomen, and chest, influencing the movement and balance of the body, particularly related to sleep and eye function.
Yin Wei Mai (Yin Linking Vessel) (阴维脉 Yīn Wéi Mài)
This vessel originates on the medial aspect of the leg and ascends through the abdomen and chest, connecting and integrating all the Yin channels, particularly influencing the heart and emotions.
Yin-Yang Theory (阴阳理论 Yīn-Yáng Lǐlùn)
A fundamental philosophical concept in TCM describing how all things in the universe consist of two opposing yet interdependent forces, Yin and Yang, whose dynamic balance is essential for health and harmony. They are in constant flux, transforming into one another and defining each other's existence.
Ying-Spring Points (荥穴 Yíng Xué)
The second of the Five Shu points, located slightly proximal to the Jing-Well points, where qi begins to gush like a spring; they are primarily used to clear heat from the respective zangfu organs.
Yuan-Source Points (原穴 Yuán Xué)
Points where the Yuan (original) qi of the zangfu organs surfaces; they are crucial for diagnosing and treating disorders of the respective organs, as they reflect the state of the Yuan qi.
Z
Zang Organs (脏腑 Zàng Fǔ)
The Zang organs are the five yin organs (Heart, Spleen, Lung, Kidney, Liver) that store vital substances like qi, blood, and essence. They are considered solid and primarily responsible for internal functions.
Zang-Fu Organs (脏腑 Zàng Fǔ)
The internal organs of the body, classified into Zang (Yin, solid, storage organs like Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lung, Kidney) and Fu (Yang, hollow, transforming organs like Gallbladder, Small Intestine, Stomach, Large Intestine, Bladder, Triple Burner).
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