ST31 Biguan

Reviewed by · Licensed Acupuncturist & TCM Physician · Last reviewed June 2026

ST31 (Biguan, “Biguan”) is an acupuncture point on the Stomach Meridian. It is located on the anterior aspect of the thigh, on a line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the superolateral corner of the patella. It is located in the depression lateral to the sartorius muscle, level with the inferior border of the pubic symphysis. It dispels wind-damp, alleviates pain and numbness, strengthens the leg and lower back, and relaxes the sinews.

Location

On the anterior aspect of the thigh, on a line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the superolateral corner of the patella. It is located in the depression lateral to the sartorius muscle, level with the inferior border of the pubic symphysis.

Needling

Perpendicular insertion 1.0 to 2.0 cun.

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TCM functions

Dispels wind-damp, alleviates pain and numbness, strengthens the leg and lower back, and relaxes the sinews..

Indications

Knee cold and numbness, bi-impediment (painful obstruction), atrophy, inability to flex and extend the leg, tightness of the sinews and connecting vessels in the inner thigh, foot numbness and weakness, lower back pain, pain along the Stomach channel pathway on the thigh, small abdomen pain referring to the throat..

Clinical notes

Biguan is a primary local point for a wide range of disorders affecting the hip joint and thigh, including pain, motor impairment, and atrophy. Its indications for cold, numbness, and difficulty with flexion and extension make it essential for treating bi-syndrome and post-stroke sequelae affecting the lower limb. The classical texts emphasize its role in treating cold-related conditions and sinew problems in the leg.

On the Stomach channel

ST31 is one of 45 points on the Stomach Meridian. Nearby points:

ST27ST28ST29ST30ST32ST33ST34ST35

Frequently asked questions

Where is ST31 located?

ST31 (Biguan) is located on the anterior aspect of the thigh, on a line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the superolateral corner of the patella. It is located in the depression lateral to the sartorius muscle, level with the inferior border of the pubic symphysis.

What is ST31 used for?

ST31 dispels wind-damp, alleviates pain and numbness, strengthens the leg and lower back, and relaxes the sinews. Common clinical indications include knee cold and numbness, bi-impediment (painful obstruction), atrophy, inability to flex and extend the leg, tightness of the sinews and connecting vessels in the inner thigh, foot numbness and weakness, lower back pain, pain along the Stomach channel pathway on the thigh, small abdomen pain referring to the throat.

How is ST31 needled?

Perpendicular insertion 1.0 to 2.0 cun. Caution: The Zhen Jiu Ju Ying and Zhen Jiu Da Cheng list Biguan in their 'Forbidden to Moxibust' songs, which contradicts other sources that recommend moxibustion.

Which meridian is ST31 on?

ST31 is a point on the Stomach Meridian (Zú Yángmíng Wèijīng).

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⚠️ This page is for general education and is not medical advice. Acupuncture is a traditional practice; evidence varies by condition and study quality, and individual results differ. It does not replace diagnosis or treatment by a licensed professional. Always consult a qualified acupuncturist or physician.