Penetrating Vessel 冲脉

Reviewed by · Licensed Acupuncturist & TCM Physician · Last reviewed June 2026

Penetrating Vessel (Chōng Mài, 冲脉) is one of the eight extraordinary vessels in acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Both Yin and Yang in polarity. Known as the 'Sea of Blood' and 'Sea of Twelve Channels,' the Chong Mai regulates Qi and Blood in all channels, especially the uterus and lower abdomen.

Chinese冲脉
PinyinChōng Mài
Groupextraordinary
Yin / YangBoth Yin and Yang
OrganKidney, Uterus, Heart, Stomach
Master pointSP4
Coupled pointPC6

Channel pathway

The Chong Mai originates in the Kidneys and emerges at Qichong (ST30) in the inguinal region. It ascends along the abdomen lateral to the Ren Mai, reaching the chest and throat, and dispersing over the face. Internally, it connects with the Kidneys, uterus, and heart, and descends to the perineum. It also has branches that flow through the spine and connect with the twelve regular channels.

Physiology & functions

Known as the 'Sea of Blood' and 'Sea of Twelve Channels,' the Chong Mai regulates Qi and Blood in all channels, especially the uterus and lower abdomen. It is crucial for menstruation, pregnancy, and fertility, and influences the heart and stomach. It also plays a role in the ascending and descending of Qi throughout the body.

When the channel is disordered

Disorders manifest as gynecological issues like irregular menstruation, infertility, and uterine bleeding. Other symptoms include abdominal pain, distention, rebellious Qi (e.g., acid reflux, chest oppression), and issues related to the heart and stomach. Lower limb weakness and atrophy can also occur.

Key & command points

Frequently asked questions

What is the pathway of the Penetrating Vessel?

The Chong Mai originates in the Kidneys and emerges at Qichong (ST30) in the inguinal region. It ascends along the abdomen lateral to the Ren Mai, reaching the chest and throat, and dispersing over the face. Internally, it connects with the Kidneys, uterus, and heart, and descends to the perineum. It also has branches that flow through the spine and connect with the twelve regular channels.

What does the Penetrating Vessel do in TCM?

Known as the 'Sea of Blood' and 'Sea of Twelve Channels,' the Chong Mai regulates Qi and Blood in all channels, especially the uterus and lower abdomen. It is crucial for menstruation, pregnancy, and fertility, and influences the heart and stomach. It also plays a role in the ascending and descending of Qi throughout the body.

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⚠️ This page is for general education and is not medical advice. Acupuncture is a traditional practice; evidence varies by condition and study quality, and individual results differ. It does not replace diagnosis or treatment by a licensed professional. Always consult a qualified acupuncturist or physician.